Analysis Of Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye

The phoniness, in which the characters use, contributes to the manipulation of values and ideals of individuals who succumb to the pressure of society. In J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger reveals his abomination for phoniness through Holden’s experience with the adult world. Phoniness creates a structured society where the connotations of success are deceptive. In addition, it sets standards and expectations for how individuals should act based on their social status. Furthermore, it interferes with one’s honesty by abolishing their authenticity and sincerity. In The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger suggests how the lack of authenticity and the manipulation of one’s originality can be traced back to the use of phoniness in†¦show more content†¦Ultimately, the phoniness of those who are â€Å"successful† manipulated him into believing that monetary success results in satisfaction with his life and tarnished his passion for writing stories when he was younger. Society sets fixed standards based on the phoniness of successful individuals, just as they do with people. Salinger uses prejudices to reveal how the phoniness of people can lead to society creating expectations for how certain people should act. Mr. Spencer and Mr. Antolini are two characters who share similar roles in society, but act differently towards Holden. They are both intellectual and care about Holden’s future, but Mr. Antolini acts more like a paternal figure whereas Mr. Spencer acts as the archetypal teacher. However, Holden still sees Mr. Antolini as a teacher, which is why he is scared and quickly passes judgments onto his actions. Mr. Antolini’s social expectation, as a teacher, is to educate his students as other teachers do, such as Mr. Spencer. Conversely, Mr. Antolini goes beyond his expectations and is truly concerned about Holden’s future, not acting as a phony teacher who pretends to care. However, after havi ng many teachers like Mr. Spencer, Holden confuses a sign of affection with a sexual advancement even though Mr. Antolini is showing authenticity, ironically, something Holden admires from people. His mind is set on the fact that Mr. Antolini is only a teacher,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 972 Words   |  4 PagesWritten in 1951, J.D. Salinger’s, The Catcher in the Rye continues to be a popular book amongst Americans. Although The Catcher in the Rye has been banned in many public school settings in the United States it continues to stay atop some of the greatest books of all time lists. Whether people are in their teens or in their fifties they find themselves drawn to Holden Caulfield. At some point in their life they could relate to a sense of alienation, caused by money and wealth. Humans are wired toRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 3756 Words   |  16 PagesSummer Reading-TASIS 2014 Rising 9th Grade Mainstream English The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and Fahrenheit 541 by Ray Bradbury Please write a typed or handwritten response (200 words each in the language relevant to your course) to each of the following prompts on each of the works assigned for the course(s) you will be taking in 2014-2015: The Catcher in the Rye Initial Understanding: What are your thoughts and questions about the story? You might reflect upon characters, theirRead MoreAn Analysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 1106 Words   |  5 PagesAdrianna Leal Ms. Allie English 6 October 2017 Learn from life and move forward In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger uses many symbols and themes as a way to protect Holden from adulthood, his individuality, and childhood. While in high school, Holden seems to struggle with his school work and with his outlook on life. As many obstacles come his way, his main self battle would be having to grow up, become mature, and enter adulthood with excitement and confidence. Holden often usesRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 1074 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Responses Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye has been pronounced a literary classic for its atypical portrayal of adolescence, to effectively convey the protagonist’s alienation and confusion. The introduction of The Catcher in the Rye is underpinned by disorder and confusion through a stream-of-consciousness narration, which digresses from one subject to another. Consequently, Holden’s multitudinous thoughts and feelings appear to lack a cohesive pattern. Additionally, Holden’s prevalentRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 2525 Words   |  11 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D Salinger is a book with a truly controversial history by being banned from bookstores, libraries, etc. during the time of its release and even now is very scarcely being brought back into the high school setting to be taught as part of the high school curriculum. While being confronted about reasons for being banned, protesters of this book give very vague argument s on why it should be banned such as â€Å"its a very filthy book,† or â€Å"its explicitly pornographic.†Read MoreMental Analysis on Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salinger ´s The Catcher in the Rye824 Words   |  4 Pagestraumatic stress disorders (Health Care Service Corporation) (The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America). J.D. Salinger’s novel, The Catcher in the Rye, provides the narrative of a young adult, Holden Caulfield, who I believe shows many symptoms of several different mental disorders. In this essay, I will be providing examples straight from The Catcher in the Rye that support my theory of Holden Caulfield’s lack of mental stability. Holden Caulfield demonstrates extreme and inconsistent behaviorsRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1319 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salinger’s Use of Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger is well known for his works. His most famous being The Catcher in the Rye. Two other of his famous works include Nine stories and Franny and Zooey. J.D Salinger is also well known for his sense of humor that he includes inside of his books. The Catcher in the Rye has become an essential work to be studied in academic literature and its course of study. This book entails many uses of symbolism throughout theRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Word Choice795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Word Choice in The Catcher in the Rye By Tom Condon Word choice is a crucial element in a well-crafted story. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about a 16-year-old in New York in the 1950s named Holden Caulfield. The book is about his exploration in the world as he suffers from severe mental trauma from his point of view. J.D. Salinger uses word choice for realism, theme, and depth of character to make the story relate to the reader and add dimension. The Catcher in Rye contains many distinct

Nightmares Becoming Reality Sleep Paralysis - 850 Words

Carson Ledbetter Miss Roth English 1-2 pd. 6 23 February 2017 Nightmares Becoming Reality Have you ever woken up at night after a nightmare thinking at it actually happened? This is primarily what sleep paralysis is. People who have experienced sleep paralysis have said that it s a terrifying event to go through. Very few people actually experience this and the majority of the people that do have some kind of health issue that is related with sleeping. Sleep paralysis is when a person is awake and fully aware of their surroundings but theirs brain and body are still asleep so they cannot move or steak and are completely paralyzed. Also, during sleep paralysis people start hallucinating and they can see unknown entities in the corner†¦show more content†¦People with anxiety usually have mental illness and it is caused by stress from the environment and by the brain changing. To be more specific, when the circuits in the brain that are responsible for fear and other emotions have trouble developing, it triggers anxiety. â€Å"Studies ha ve shown that anxiety disorders can run in families† (â€Å"Anxiety Panic Disorders Health Center† 2). This means that anxiety has a chance of being genetic. If parents or grandparents had or have anxiety, there is now a greater chance of being diagnosed with it also. Anxiety is another indication to why people experience sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy is another cause of sleep paralysis. People with narcolepsy experience sleep paralysis because with narcolepsy, the body is half awake while also being half asleep which causes hallucinations. â€Å"This is a disorder that is characterized primarily by persistent and excessive daytime sleepiness, which which is usually the first symptom to appear† (Utley 3). Since sleep paralysis is caused by lack of sleep, it could man that it is because of narcolepsy. The hallucinations people experience during sleep paralysis could also be stemming from narcolepsy as that too is known to cause hallucinations as well. â€Å"Narcol epsy can potentially be devastating in its effects on self-esteem, relationships, education, employment, health insurance, social life, activities, and quality of life in general† (Utley 4). Sleep is very important because thatShow MoreRelatedDreaming Is Your Brain Uses Images, Emotions, Or Ideas During Sleep Essay1799 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is dreaming? Dreaming is your brain uses images, emotions, or ideas during sleep. â€Å"It’s an experience of imagination that occurs in a number of states of consciousness: not only the sleep states of REM, non-REM, but also as waking dreams and near-death experience.† (Dream Studies Portal) The reason why we dreams is it â€Å"may be what allows us to sleep in the first place. â€Å"Dreams protect sleep, Solms says. 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Influencing and Making Decisions

Question: Discuss about the Influencing and Making Decisions. Answer: Introduction This report is based upon the study of various models, methods and processes of the decision making in the organisation which is taken by the manager and top management respond to the various situations. Moreover, it is also analysed that the decision making tools and styles helps the manager to the careful evaluation of the all the alternatives in the sequential manner which generated the positive outcomes for the organisation. Furthermore, it also evaluates the decision-making framework and taxonomies tell the management about the influence of various cause and effect of information at the time of decision. Decision Making and its Process in Organizational Context It is an act or process that any employee or manager consider the various alternatives from the range of options and select the best alternative or option that is important to the organisation or people in the long term. It is an integral part of the modern management. Essentially, Rational or sound decision making is an important function to accomplish the organisational and managerial objectives. Decision-making process is an important process that links the various activities at different functional levels for effective organisational functioning (Xu, et al., 2011). Furthermore, decision making process helps the organisation to maintain and check the organisation system that helps to keep develops in both the directions i.e. vertical and linear directions. The decisions are taken in the company to make the company more competitive and achieve the long and short term goals. To accomplish these objectives company faces the hurdles at the administrative level and operational levels. To solve these problems the comprehensive decision-making process is to be followed in the organisation to solve the problems effectively and accomplish the objectives at each department level. Decision-making process is continuing and dynamic because if one problem solve the other problem arises and so on. Below given are the basic steps is to be followed by the organisation while taking important decisions (Ford and Richardson, 2013). Figure 1: (Umassd, 2017) Decision Making Process Above given process are the sequential steps followed by the management to solve the administrative and operational problems in a business setting. The entire process is the time consuming but the outcomes generate from this process is positive and helpful for business for its long-term growth. Decision-Making Tools and Styles A decision-making tool is an important technique followed by the manager and top management to solve the complex problems and take the best decision from the available alternatives. There is a range of available decision-making tools used by the business according to the nature of the problem. Below given is the evaluation of the some of the important decision-making tools (Arens, et al., 2012). A) Decision matrix tool is used the manager to evaluate all the alternatives of the business and placed them on the table and list all the factors in one column that affect the various alternatives. The managers put the scores and weigh which factor is more important to consider. Figure 2: (Source: Bruce, 2011) Above given example of the restaurant indicates which is the most important factor or problem in the restaurant. It is identified that the Customer pain is an important factor that scores high as compared to other factors. It means that the long waiting time in the restaurant increases the customer pain that will probably impact the goodwill of the restaurant in future. B) Cost-Benefit: This technique is used by the manager or top management to assess the overall cost and benefits of the organisation in terms of financial perspective. For e.g. in the production department, there is the requirement of the 15 machines that can produce the 70 units per hour (Pettigrew, 2014). In this case, the production manager needs to analyse the overall cost of the machine, time spent on each unit and labour engaged in production. On the other side, the manager also needs to analyse the selling price of the 70 units multiplied by the no of hours engaged in the production and other direct and indirect costs to ascertain the benefit from the particular machine. On the basis of various calculations, the manager can take a decision whether have to purchase or not. Decision-making styles influence majorly the growth of the organisational performance in the long term. It also impacts the performance of the team and their motivation level. There are some important types of decision making styles which are followed by the manager or top management to solve the problems effectively (Lunenburg, 2011). Below given figure indicated an important decision styles followed commonly in the organisations. Figure 3: (Source: Goetsch, and Davis, 2014) Types of Decision making styles a) Rational Decision-making style is based upon the thorough search of the information and logical evaluation of alternatives. b) Intuitive Decision-making style is based on the feeling and emotions associated with the particular tasks. c) The dependent decision-making style is based upon the advice and direction of others. In this style, manager needs the direction or advice to select the best alternative from the different options. d) Avoidant decision-making style is characterised by attempts to avoid decision making. e) Spontaneous decision-making style is based upon the sudden and impulsive decisions taken by the managers and employees according to the situation (Vaiman, et al., 2012). As per the various decision styles listed above in the figure, it is identified that the rational decision-making style is appropriate for the organization for long term profits. In this style, it collects the appropriate information for the organisation in a logical manner. It reduces the chances of errors, uncertainties and assumptions. It reduces the risk of failure as compared to other styles. The approach and selection process of this method is based upon the logic information and knowledge. Decision Making Methods Decision-making methods help management to take decisions according to their consensus. They required team members to discuss debate and decide on a mutual conclusion. The group decision making is the common and important method to take decisions while the problem is complex, but it has its own disadvantages like it is a time consuming process and most of the time employees might not be clear about their roles. If the roles are not clear it will increase the chances of conflicts among them that would ruin their relationships. Moreover, on the other side, it seems that if more people are involved in decision making which generates the more creative ideas with more information flow (Turban Sharda, and Delen, 2011). There are five methods of decision making are adapted by the organisation is as follows: 1) Brainstorming: This is the common method of solving the problem through group discussions. This method helps management to reach the solution to the problem quickly due to an end number of views and ideas of the different people. For e.g. if the manager received the new e-learning project in the organisation and they received the instruction to implement this project into the team. Gather the team of different designers into the room and collect the different inputs of the designers and then takes the final decision (Ingram, et al., 2012). 2) Nominal Group Technique: This technique is also useful to take important decisions in the team. The team is divided into smaller groups and best possible ideas are noted down in the piece of paper and advise team members to vote the best possible option or choice. The choice or alternative receives the maximum responses or vote is accepted as the group decision. Continuing with above example, the group of designers is divided into smaller teams. Every member of the team gives their idea and at the end, each member votes for the best one. At the end, the idea gets maximum responses would be finalised. 3) Voting method: It starts with a round of voting where individuals cast his vote for the shortlisted options. Each individual gives the one vote at a time. The process is repeated many times if the maximum number of votes is generated for best option (Starcke and Brand, 2012). For instance, from the above-given situation, each team of the designer proposed their strategy in front of other team and that team would vote for the one they prefer best and that would consider final. 4) Delphi Method: In this method of decision making the facilitator allows team members to submit their ideas without writing their names on the paper. Other team members do not know the owner of the ideas. The manager or facilitator collects their views from different employees and circulates them others for improving and modify them and this process continues till the final decision is made. Similarly, in the above example, the facilitator can collect the different strategies of the employees without disclosing their names and later the facilitator collects the improved strategy and selects the best one (Proctor, 2014). These decision-making methods are commonly adopted in the organisation to carry out the important decisions at every hierarchy level of the organisation. Decision-Making Models The decision-making models are rapidly used by the organisations due to the complexity and challenging business environment in the past recent years. There a huge amount of data and algorithms has opened the new ways to improve the corporate performance. There are two types of decision models are used in the organisation i.e. the rational model (Classical model) and bounded rational model. In the rational model, the management or manager or decision maker takes the decision to consider the best alternative. In bounded rational model, decision is based upon those alternatives that satisfy the minimum criteria. According to the modern research, it depicts that the managers who make the best decisions dont over analyse the rational decision-making approach (Del Missier, et al., 2012). The rational decision approach is used by the manager is falls into three types i.e. classical models, administrative models and political models. The manager selects the model according to the type of dec ision model whether it is programmed or non programmed and the elements attached with the model i.e. risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. The programme decisions are planned decisions which are taken according to the organisational problems. Non programmed decisions are the outcomes of the strategic planning of the organisation due to high uncertainty and complex decision process is involved. The classical model of decision making that tells managers to how they should make decisions. In this model, the approach is assumed by the manager is logical and rational. This type of model is based on assumptions and readily information is available for managers and they are capable of taking optimal decision after evaluating every alternative (Tropman, 2013). Figure 4: Source: Tropman, 2013) In the above figure, it indicates that the manager faced a situation and then they carefully evaluate the alternatives and takes the final decision for the organisation. Moreover, there are four assumptions behind the model listed as follows: Clearly defined problem - It assumes that manager or decision maker is know all the information and objectives Certain environment - The model suggests that the decision maker eliminates all the uncertainties that influence the decision. As a result, there is no risk associated with it. Full information The manager is able to recognise the all alternatives and rank them effectively (Ford and Richardson, 2013). Rational decisions- Finally the manager or decision maker believes that the decision is based upon the interest of the organisation. Similarly, there are some drawbacks of this model that decision maker have bounded by time or resources and can continue evaluate the alternatives until he finds the best available alternative that suits the organisational objectives. Furthermore, another drawback is that the decision maker has the cognitive ability to rank all the alternatives accurately and effectively if the full information is available. Another model which is used by the decision maker in the organisation is bounded rational model; this model says that the decision maker is taking decisions under certain assumptions and constraints due to limited time and resources in the organisation (Saaty and Vargas, 2012). The decision is taken on the basis of the limited time, resource availability and limited cognitive ability of the manager. This model is upon following assumptions a) Satisficing (bounded rationality) b) Incremental c) Intuition In these assumptions, manager seeks the alternatives until they find the satisfactory, not optimal. These assumptions are taken on the basis of time, resources and ability constraints. For instance, the company has launched the new satellite mobile phone that weighed 1.5 pounds and it could not be used in the buildings and cars. Instead of waiting to improve the technology, Company sells the phone into the open market that covers the cost of the company and product. In this situation, it clearly indicates the bounded decision making of the company due to limited resources and time, the management takes the decision that satisfies the minimum requirement of the organisation. Decision Making Framework and Taxonomies The Cynefin framework is developed by the Dave Snowden in 1999 in the context of knowledge management and organisational strategy (Kaner, 2014). Below figure indicated the various elements described in the framework that helps the manager to assess, where the organisation stands in the external environment. Figure 5: (Source: NCBI, 2017) Cynefin framework of decision making In the above figure, it indicates the different domains and each situation requires the different actions. It is divided into five categories i.e. simple, complicated, complex, Chaotic and disorder. These categories enable the manager to how they perceive the situations and to take decisions according to the other peoples behaviour. Below given are the explanations of different domains according to the different categories. Simple domain indicates the Known category in the figure it means that if you do X the result is Y. The cause and effect relationship is clear and this is the best practice adopted by the managers in the organisation because it is based on rules (NAP, 2017). The second domain is complicated and it is related to the Known category which indicates the relationship between the cause and effect requires expertise due to many alternatives available. In this situation, the manager needs to sense-analyze and respond the situation for good practice in the organisation. In complex category the cause and effect relationship is unknown and manager not known about the outcomes of the decisions. In this situation, there is no right or wrong answer, so the manager makes series of experiments in case of emergency situations for e.g. bad quarterly results, organisational change and merger and acquisition in the organization (Strategic Content, 2017). In chaotic category cause and effects are unclear so that the manager as the only option to act-sense and respond to handle the complex situations. Finally, the disordered domain is not determined and it lies in the centre. In this type of situation, manager has no clarity which of the other domains applies. Decision-making Taxonomy consists of policies, procedures and documentation required for effective management. Taxonomy is the process which evolves and grows with the business and it ensures that if the growth happens in the organisation it should be in an organised and predictable manner. Good taxonomy governance in the organisation answers the below questions clearly: -Who are the stakeholders? -What are the key responsibilities of the organisation? -Who is responsible for changes in the organization? -What is the process of change? -What are reviewed and updated processes? To develop the good taxonomy governance policies in the organisation which helps to maintain the structure, workflow and management processes in the company (Springer, 2017). Conclusion As per the above report, it is concluded that the decision making is an important process in the organisation to accomplish the objectives effectively. Furthermore, it is also concluded that the decision-making models and processes supports the management to evaluate the alternatives effectively which leads to reducing the chances of uncertainty and risk while taking important decisions. References Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Mark, B. (2012).Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Boston: Prentice Hall. Del Missier, F., Mntyl, T., and Bruin, W. B. (2012). Decision?making competence, executive functioning, and general cognitive abilities.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,25(4), 331-351. Ford, R. C., and Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44).Germany: Springer. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics.19-44. Springer Netherlands. Goetsch, D. L., and Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, UK: Pearson. Ingram, T. N., LaForge, R. W., Avila, R. A., Schwepker Jr, C. H., Williams, M. R. (2012).Sales management: Analysis and decision making. ME Sharpe. Kaner, S. (2014).Facilitator's guide to participatory decision-making.USA: John Wiley Sons. Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Decision making in organizations.International journal of management, business and administration,15(1), 1-9. NAP (2017) Conceptual Framework for Benefit Estimation and a Taxonomy of Benefits. Retrieved from : https://www.nap.edu/read/11327/chapter/5 NCBI (2017). A Framework for Classifying Decision Support Systems. Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480261/ Pettigrew, A.M., (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making.UK: Routledge. Proctor, T. (2014).Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation.UK: Routledge. Saaty, T. L., and Vargas, L. G. (2012).Models, methods, concepts applications of the analytic hierarchy process(Vol. 175).Germany: Springer Science and Business Media. Springer (2017).Towards a Taxonomy of Decision Making Problems in Multi-Agent Systems. Retrieved from : https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-04143-3_19 Starcke, K., and Brand, M. (2012). Decision making under stress: a selective review.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,36(4), 1228-1248. Strategic Content (2017). Introduction to Taxonomy. Retrieved from : https://strategiccontent.com/introduction-to-taxonomy-governance/ Tropman, J. E. (2013).Effective meetings: Improving group decision making(Vol. 17).USA:. Sage Publications. Turban, E., Sharda, R., Delen, D. (2011).Decision support and business intelligence systems.UK: Pearson Education Vaiman, V., Scullion, H., Collings, D. (2012). Talent management decision making.Management Decision,50(5), 925-941. Xu, H., Luo, X.R., Carroll, J.M. and Rosson, M.B. (2011). The personalization privacy paradox: An exploratory study of decision making process for location-aware marketing.Decision support systems,51(1), 42-52. Umassd (2017). Decision-making process. Retrieved from : https://www.umassd.edu/fycm/decisionmaking/process/ Bruce, J.P. (2011). Understanding Decision-making Processes in Airline Operations Control. UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Influencing and Making Decisions Question: Discuss about theInfluencing and Making Decisions. Answer: Introduction Effective teamwork is fundamental in todays world. The aim of this report is to develop a virtual team and establish processes so that it is easier to make team decisions. This report is a reflection of the processes on team formation and decision making. Observations are made on the basis of own experiences and is supported with extensive literature review (Anderson et al. 2013). A brief idea about team, virtual team, facilitator and effective decision making is provided. The assumptions while forming the team is also stated. Further, various models are discussed and rationale for choosing one is provided. The application, benefits and drawbacks are stated for a better analysis. Definitions Team- A team can be defined as a group of people assembled together for achieving or accomplishing a task or project together. The team members have a strong mutual commitment for ensuring success (Parke, Campbell and Bartol 2014). Virtual team- A virtual team can be defined as the group made of people present in different geographical locations. These team members rely on communication technology such as voice or video conferencing (Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014). Decision- A decision can be defined as a choice that is made between alternative courses of action in presence of uncertainty. Every situation might have more than one possibility and a choice made after considering them is termed as decision (Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014). Effective decision making- Effective decision making can be defined as a process of selecting through alternatives and managing it to achieve the objectives. The effective decision result from a systematic process that is handled in a series of steps (Fransen, Weinberger and Kirschner 2013). Assumptions Every team has certain assumptions such as they have a common goal that is well-defined in nature. It is further assumed that a team has more than two members for jointly achieving the goal. Every team has a shared understanding while they work towards achieving the goal. It is also assumed that the team members have trust and integrity (Schjoedt et al. 2012). Team Start-Up Models Types of Models Starting up or developing a team is an important part of the job as it helps in leading the team effectively. The two models which can be considered while starting up a team are described as under: Tuckman Team Development Model Dr Bruce Tuckman formed a model for developing a team which explains that a team develops and establishes maturity. The model has four stages- forming, storming, norming and performing. In the first stage, there is very less agreement among the team members. In the second stage, the decisions are difficult to make as conflict in opinion arises (Mathieu et al. 2015). The teams have to work hard and not lose their focus. In the third stage, there is agreement and consensus among the team members and roles are clear. In the fourth stage, the team members realize their performance level. They focus on over-achieving their goals. The model is beneficial in creating a more productive, integrated and performing team (Zimmermann 2011). Drexler/Sibbet Model Allan Drexler and David Sibbet developed a model comprising of seven strategies for optimizing team effort. The first stage is orientation in which the team identifies a task together which they find beneficial. The second stage is trust building in which the people are clear on their roles and responsibilities for establishing a better understanding. The third stage is goal clarification in which a shared vision is identified so that the conflicts can be addressed and resolved (McGrath and Bates 2013). The fourth stage is commitment in which the team members own or disown their responsibilities. The fifth stage is implementation in which timing and schedule is focused with the help of work plans or other management tools. The sixth stage is high performance in which the team members spend time and effort to deliver higher outcomes. The last stage is renewal in which every team member is expected to reflect as to what worked out and what did not (Kohn and O'Connell 2014). Rationale The Tuckmans model is chosen for team development. This was chosen because it helped the group members in understanding the development process. The stages of growth are predetermined in this model that helped in recognizing the type of situations for which the team members could gain competitive advantage. In a virtual team or a temporary working group, group dynamics need to be recognized easily. Tuckmans model is simple to understand that makes the complexity of group dynamics. The model is selected as going through extensive literature and journal articles; Tuckmans model was used by most organizations while forming a team. The model is beneficial in creating a more productive, integrated and performing team. Moreover, Drexler/Sibbet Model has multiple stages and is a time consuming process (Halverson and Tirmizi 2013). Application of Model The model was applied using Google Docs. Google Docs is an online word processor that allows viewing and editing the documents at the same time. The collaborators or team members were connected to Google Drive. The link was shared among all team members so that they could edit and make changes in the document (Holzner and Holzner 2012). In the first stage of Tuckmans Model, the individuals were brought together and assembled as a team. The team members had positive expectations from the project while some were anxious about the same. The team members clarified the mission and behaved independent of each other by stressing on scope of task, way of approach and potential challenges and opportunities (Mathieu et al. 2015). In the second stage, the views of team members were expressed strongly. Discussions were made for addressing the differences. The issues that shall really be solved by the project were discussed. The team members were jockeying for the positions clarified and there was enhancement in relationships (Halverson and Tirmizi 2013). The third stage was all about resolving differences and focusing more on achieving goals or mission. The team members were learning more about each other and setting team values, problem-solving process, setting team values. The team was aware of the competition and they started tolerating whims of other team members. In the fourth stage, work was delegated and benefits were brought to the team project. The team has a shared vision and is able to stand on its own feet with no interference or participation from the leader (Mathieu et al. 2015). Critical Analysis The first stage-forming went well as clear directions and structure was provided to build a strong relationship. The team members were in their best behaviour and everyone took initiatives and contributed towards discussing the scope of the project. The focus of the team members was on the task to be performed. The team members experienced an enhancement in active listening skills. The third stage helped in transforming the attitudes and there was feeling of cohesion, harmony, mutual respect and trust. There was increase in productivity when the team reached the third stage. Morale is high and the general atmosphere is positive. Team members' attitudes are characterized by positive feelings and eagerness to be part of the team. Members are confident about the outcome, enjoy open communication, exhibit high energy, and disagreement is expected and allowed as long as it is channelled through means acceptable to the team (Beatty and Scott 2012). In the first stage, as every team member was putting efforts to be accepted by other team members, serious issues such as non-routine issues were being avoided. There were circumstances when the team members felt reluctant to build relationships for a successful team. There were situations when the team members faced a decline in morale. There were signs of conflict appearing in the second stage of application of Tuckmans model. There was wastage in time as the team members spent a huge amount of time in unnecessary or less important issues. Another issue was that while preventing conflict, the team members were reluctant to share issues controversial in nature (Lewis 2011). Conclusion Teams can achieve more than each team member individually. Being part of a high-performance team can be extremely rewarding, but it requires time and commitment to get to that stage. The Tuckman Model of team development was chosen for starting up the team. The model was effective as it was divided into four stages which made the team deliver exceptional results. There was excitement optimism associated with this model of team development. The tools were effective and there was shared understanding while they worked towards achieving the goal. There was trust and integrity among the team members. However, there were situations when the team members faced a decline in morale. There was wastage in time as the team members spent a huge amount of time in unnecessary or less important issues. The model is beneficial in creating a more productive, integrated and performing team. References Anderson, E., Pollard, L., Conroy, S. and Clague-Baker, N., 2013. Forming a new clinical team for frail older people: can a group development model help?.Journal of Interprofessional Care, 28(2), pp.163-165. Fransen, J., Weinberger, A. and Kirschner, P., 2013. Team Effectiveness and Team Development in CSCL.Educational Psychologist, 48(1), pp.9-24. Hoch, J. and Kozlowski, S., 2014. Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), pp.390-403. Kohn, S. and O'Connell, V., 2014.6 habits of highly effective teams. 1st ed. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Mathieu, J., Kukenberger, M., DInnocenzo, L. and Reilly, G., 2015. Modeling reciprocal team cohesionperformance relationships, as impacted by shared leadership and members competence.Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), pp.713-734. McGrath, J. and Bates, B., 2013. Little Book of Bi Management Theories;... AND HOW TO USE THEM. 1st ed. S.l.: FT PRESS. Parke, M., Campbell, E. and Bartol, K., 2014. Setting the Stage for Virtual Team Development: Designing Teams to Foster Knowledge Sharing.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), pp.17244-17244. Schjoedt, L., Monsen, E., Pearson, A., Barnett, T. and Chrisman, J., 2012. New Venture and Family Business Teams: Understanding Team Formation, Composition, Behaviors, and Performance.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(1), pp.1-15. Zimmermann, A., 2011. Interpersonal relationships in transnational, virtual teams: Towards a configurational perspective.International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), pp.59-78.

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Learning should be like pleasance trips, like jaunts, to research new views, and to achieve greater highs of cognition. The basic intent of larning should be to foster curiousness in such a mode that clear value add-ons take topographic point. What is new and different? In a competitory universe, distinction is the best scheme, and I have adopted that. The whole term paper is written in stairss so that our instructor could understand my term paper easy, as compared to others. I have given the PESTEL and observation of the touristry industry in dustry in the best possible mode. The existent observations and illustrations are given in the term paper. Benefits from term paper? This term paper has been written to provide the demands of anyone who wants the first manus experience of assorted factors act uponing the touristry industry. We will write a custom essay sample on A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Assorted facts and figures are given to understand touristry industry in better manner. Travelers TO VISIT INDIA TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA -ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES A ; INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY Article # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY SOURCEOF DATA PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM -POLITICAL Analysis -ECONOMIC Analysis -SOCIAL Analysis -TECONOLOGICAL Analysis -ECOLOGICAL Analysis -LEGAL Analysis Observation FUTURE OF TOPIC REFRENCES Aim PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM is being done in order to look into and find the consequence of assorted factors that have an impact on the growing and constitution of touristry. The chief aim of this term paper is as under: PESTEL analysis of INDIAN TOURISM Article Analysis on INDIAN TOURISM Observation of INDIAN TOURISM FUTURE of subject. Introduction Indian Tourism: The touristry industry in INDIA is significant and vivacious, and the state is fast going a major planetary finish. India s travel and touristry industry is one of them most profitable industries in the state, and besides credited with lending a significant sum of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourers visited India and spent US $ 8.9 billion. Several grounds are cited for the growing and prosperity of India s travel and touristry industry. Economic growing has added 1000000s yearly to the ranks of India s in-between category, a group that is driving domestic touristry growing. Disposable income in India has grown by 10.11 % yearly from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent to go. Thankss in portion to its dining IT and outsourcing industry a turning figure of concern trips are made by aliens to India, who will frequently add a weekend interruption or longer vacation to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than about any other state worldwide. Tourist reachings are projected to increase by over 22 % per twelvemonth through boulder clay 2010, with a 33 % addition in foreign exchange net incomes recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has besides played an of import function in the development of the industry, originating publicizing runs such as the Incredible India run, which promoted India s civilization and tourer attractive forces in a fresh and memorable manner. The run helped make a colourful image of India in the heads of consumers all over the universe, and has straight led to an addition in the involvement among tourers. . Both straight and indirectly, increased touristry in India has created occupations in a assortment of related sectors. The Numberss tell the narrative: about 20 million people are now working in the India s touristry industry. A new growing sector is medical touristry. It is presently turning at around 30 % per annum. Medical tourer reachings are expected to make one million shortly. The touristry industry of India is based on certain nucleus chauvinistic ideals and criterions which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or substructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. The undermentioned tabular array provides the major tourer attractive force in India: Charminar: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.Kaziranga National Park: Assam. Qutub Minar: Delhi. Mangueshi Temple: Goa. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh.Dal: LakeJammu and Kashmir. Jog FallsShimoga District, Karnataka. Kovalam Beach: Kerala. Amarkantak: Madhya Pradesh. Ajanta: Maharashtra. Puri: Orissa. Golden Temple: Amritsar, Punjab. Jaipur: Rajasthan. Madras: Tamil Nadu. Badrinath Temple: Uttarakhand, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata, Bengal PESTEL Analysis: Originally designed as a concern environmental scan, the PEST or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment ( large image ) in which a concern operates. These are frequently factors which are beyond the control or influence of a concern, nevertheless are of import to be cognizant of when making merchandise development, concern or scheme planning. PESTEL analysis is the method to qualify or to analyze the assorted characteristics and traits of any industry like steel industry, power industry, etc, . We are analyzing INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY by utilizing PESTEL ANALYSIS.PESTEL stands for POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL Technical ECOLOGICAL LEGAL ARTICLES/LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE # 1: Tourism IN INDIA: BY SINGH, KARNAIL, 07 JUN 2008, TOURISM IN INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //aaharways.com/main/modules/articles/article.php? id=196 The growing of touristry is at a really speedy gait the twelvemonth 2004-2005 show touristry as major subscribers to Indian Economy. There is an inordinate growing on the reaching of foreign tourer. Tourist started coming from Middle East, South Africa, USA, Spain, France and Portugal etcaˆÂ ¦This act as a major subscribers in India s economic system. Interesting characteristic of this growing is that it has come even as planetary touristry has dropped, due to the September 11 terrorist onslaughts in the United States, the eruption of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in East Asia, and the Iraq waraˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that one of the major subscriber to the Indian economic system is the touristry industry. One of the political factor of the PESTEL analysis has effected the touristry growing, i.e, the onslaught of the 11 septembet which was the terrorist activity. The writer says that due to the rise in the income which has made economic conditions of the people better has added in the domestic touristry. The people in summers visit hilly countries like Kashmir and Himachal, which has happened due to lift in income of the people. Aggressive advertisement run Incredible India by the authorities has besides had part in altering India s image. More than 6500 cab drivers, eating house proprietors and ushers trained under the programme. ARTICLE # 2: ROYAL TRAINS IN INDIA: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesnatch.com/topic/Indian-Maharaja-Train-in -india-cream-of-indian-tourism_2192928.html Royal Trains in India offer royal campaigns to the most vivacious metropoliss of India. Royal Trains in India offer an chance to experience the royalty and elegance of Indian Maharajas of water under the bridge epoch. The Royal Indian Trains take the tourers through the verdant vales, waste comeuppances, royal castles, imperial garrisons, celebrated beaches and so on and on.Royal Trains in India are Indian heritage hotels on board which open their doors in different metropoliss of India each twenty-four hours. These heriatge trains in India provide the tourers with the extreme royal atmosphere to do them experience the royalty of Indian Maharajas, Mighty Marathas and Royal RajputsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the one of the beauty of Indian touristry is the royal trains of India. There are 5 royal trains in India- Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Golden Chariot, Maharaja Express and Deccan Odyssey. All of the five Indian Royal Trains supply luxury Tourss in India. Royal trains represent the values, heritage and the civilization of the India. This is one of the societal factor if we take this article with regard to the PESTEL analysis, that has impact on Indian touristry. The royal train are adding great value to tourism as many royality seeking tourers are sing India for this ground. ARTICLE # 3: RNCOS RELEASES A NEW REPORT: BY SHUSHMUL, MAHESHWARI, RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd hypertext transfer protocol: //www.Articlebase.com/rnocs-realese-new-report The study Indian Tourism Industry Analysis by RNCOS provides an penetration into the Indian touristry market. It evaluates the yesteryear, present and future scenario of the Indian touristry market and discusses the key factors which are doing India a possible touristry finish. With focal points on different parametric quantities of touristry industry, including inward touristry, outbound touristry, outgo by inward tourers, medical touristry, and hotel industry, the study gives a thorough analysis on the touristry industry in India. Key Issues A ; Facts Analyzed -A What is the current province of the touristry industry in India? -A What are the emerging tendencies in the touristry sector? -A Which are the taking touristry provinces? A What is the future mentality of the touristry industry? -A Which factors are driving the Indian touristry industry? -A What is the scenario of the hotel industry in India? Analysis: Harmonizing to the study, India represents one of the most possible touristry markets in the universe. It has expanded quickly over the past few old ages and underpinned by the authorities support, lifting income degree and assorted international athleticss events, the Indian touristry industry will go on to turn at the fastest gait in the coming old ages. However, the industry may hold to get by up with several challenges which will restrict its growing. Cardinal Findingss: -A India is expected to see an inflow of 10 Million international tourers by 2010, up from merely 5 Million inA 2007.A Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the taking touristry finishs inA India in footings of entire tourer arrivals.A Bharat has been advancing its health care touristry by supplying the visitants with private health care installations. It isA expected that the entire market for medical touristry will make US $ 2 Billion by 2012, stand foring a CAGR of 60.69 % . -A Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. -A Indian outbound tourer flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.30 % over the five-year periodA spanningA from 2008 to 2012. -A India s portion in the planetary touristry is expected to make 1.5 % by 2010. ARTICLE # 4: INDIAN MEDICAL TOURISM TREMENDOUSLY ATTRACTING TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlenow.com/indian-medical-tourism The ailing glooming faces can now smile as India has been declared an ideal finish for medical Tourss. Even the weakness Black Marias are now treated more successfully at a much lower cost as compared to other parts of the universe. In medical field, India has seen much growing and promotions. In the offing, the most complicated by base on balls surgeries or bone marrow grafts are feasible in India. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the medical touristry in India is turning at a high gait and which has benefitted the Indian touristry. This is one of the technological factor of the PESTEL analysis, that has been impacting Indian touristry. , Indian touristry has been turning because of medical touristry. medical and medical related installations are inexpensive in India as compared to other states. As a portion of Visit India 2009, the Ministry of Tourism has discussed with all major infirmaries of India to offer incentivised trades to the medical tourers. . It is reported that over 1.5 lakhs medical tourers visited India for medical touristry in 2002 alone that brought approximately $ 300 million of net incomes. Ever since so this figure of inflow of medical tourers is increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth by at least 25 % . This is supplying better oppournity to touristry industry to spread out ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlebase.com/commonwealth-games-and-indian-tourism-industry-956058 Gone are yearss when Indian Tourism Industry had received a set back. A new epoch of Indian touristry is ushering and things are now falling into their right topographic point. India is excessively happy to host the exciting Commonwealth Games in 2010. And every bit enthusiastic is Delhi where these Games are scheduled. 85 squads of Commonwealth Nations would be seen contending for 17 subjects. The 12 twenty-four hours long event will hold lucifers of swimming, wrestle, weightlifting, cycling, endurance contest, badminton, pugilism, hiting, sports, table tennis and tennis etc. which would be held from 3rd to 14th October 2010 Analysis: Harmonizing to this article, writer ties to state that India and more significantly Delhi and neighbouring provinces have geared themselves up for the approaching Commonwealth Games this twelvemonth. The tourers will be much excited to witness the participants viing in the freshly built Khelgaon near Yamuna River Bank which is really close to Swami Narayan Akshardham temple. Delhi Government and Indian Government had ventured into upgradation of substructure of the state. The Aviation, Hospitality every bit good as Tour and travel industry will be extremely benefited from the Games. Keeping this in head, the transit services are being improved, metro trains will be shortly seen providing riders, A new hotels are mushrooming and the bing 1s are been renovated.In add-on to this, the monumental heritage of Delhi and environing provinces as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is specially taken attention of. ARTICLE # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY India, the ancient cultural cradle of the universe, fascinates tourers from every corner of the universe. Even we Indians are non to the full cognizant of the beauty our state has like our ancient metropoliss, temples, minarets, mosques, gardens, lakes, mountains and a batch more. The most popular tourer finishs in India are Central India, The North Eastern provinces, Calcutta, Mumbai, New Delhi, Khajuraho, and Goa, where Rajasthan, due to its broad scope of cultural and cultural diversenesss, is the Eden for the foreign tourers. Indian touristry industry is being utilized as a well-planned tool to ease international apprehension and enabling edifice of cultural skylines in a broader manner. The Government of India has already initiated to accomplish such aims by offering attractive bundles to foreign tourers. It has besides organized route shows in major markets of the Earth such as the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Within first two old ages of the debut of 11th Fiv e Year Plan, the ministry has sanctioned undertakings deserving USD 14.27 million. Analysis: This station give us an overview of touristry industry in India, its growing and its part in to the state s economic growing. Tourism is a turning industry in India that accounts for the larger subdivision of foreign net incomes for our state. In recent old ages, the industry has been badly affected because of the factors terrorist act and the distressing state of affairs in Kashmir. The earning through touristry in India was dropped below than USD 1.5 billion and so the touristry traffic, that merely accounted for 0.5 per centum of the entire traffic of the universe. Unlike past few old ages, 2009 has shown a mark of betterment in foreign tourer influx. This has led the industry to lend about USD 67.3 billion to gross domestic merchandise this twelvemonth, which is expected to lift above USD 187.3 billion by 2019. Harmonizing to Mr Sujit Banerjee, the Tourism Secretary of India, foreign tourer arrival marks is expected to traverse six million this twelvemonth. Besides, a 24 per cent addition was observed in foreign exchange net incomes ( FEE ) as compared to old old ages. Tourism gross is expected to turn by 42 per centum from 2007 to 2017. After witnessing the positive growing for the first clip in 2009, the touristry ministry has planned to develop three niche merchandises, which are wellness touristry, caravan touristry and helipad touristry this twelvemonth. Besides, the Tourism ministry is concentrating on the safety and security of the tourers through consciousness plans and ad runs to lure more visitants. It is invariably doing an entreaty to Indian public to take attention of their invitees with the true spirit of Atithi Devo Bhava . India is traveling towards its finish of tourers chief attractive force topographic point from the phrase Incredible India . Other services like travel ushers, roads, air travel, catering, sanitation, transit and telecommunication are being operated from professional evidences. This would hike the touristry industry every bit good as the economic system of the state. Beginning OF DATA: The beginning of informations that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary information is elected in signifier of information which has already been collected by person. Along with thissome information on crisis direction, their characteristics are collected from cyberspace. For more information sing research methodological analysis, books from library have been referred. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM Political Analysis: In India, one can neer over-look the political factors which influence each and every industry bing in the state. Like it or non, the political intervention has to be present everyplace. Given below are a few of the political factors with regard to the touristry industry: TERRORISM A ; SECURITY: Terrorism has an inauspicious consequence on the growing and advancement of any state. Terrorism has besides bad consequence on the touristry industry if India. It is the large political job to the regulating party of the state. With the rise in terrorist act the growing of touristry industry in the disturbed parts of state has been at slew rate. The provinces like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam etc. hold a bad touristry end product, which intern effects the state s growing. The govt. of India is taking stairss in respect to undertake the terrorist act by supplying more security to the tourers who are sing such terrorist prone countries. Political Instability: Political instability besides has consequence on touristry industry. Sometimes frequent alteration of parties at province or cardinal degree have an impact on touristry policies and upliftment of tourer sites, as the different parties have different attack to tourist industry. Infrastructure: Infrastructure development depends chiefly upon the authorities or governing political party. There has been a great substructure development from last 20 old ages in India. The better substructure has attracted more and more tourer in India that is why the tourers visited in 2000 were 684 million and 2004 were 760 million. Relations WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: Relationship with the bordering states have besides a direct relationship with the touristry industry. The political relationship of India with most of bordering states is good, but the tourer from near states are non often sing the state. LACK OF INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION: One of job that is because of political factor is the deficiency of international representation of the state. Indian authorities does non givemuch penchant to representation of state internationally because of which touristry rate does non increase by any excess sum. States like Malaysia are stand foring their state internationally which is giving hike their touristry. Economic Analysis: Economic factor besides play an of import function in the analysis of the touristry industy. Better economic factors help to drive more and more tourer from different states every bit good as from domestic market.The Tourism sector of Indian economic system is at present sing a immense growing. The Tourism sector of Indian economic system has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economic system. The touristry industry earns foreign exchanges worth Rs. 21,828 crore. Previous twelvemonth the growing rate of the touristry sector of Indian economic system was recorded as 17.3 % Some of the economic factors that affect touristry industry are: GDP ( GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ) : Gross domestic merchandise besides plays major portion in the upliftment of touristry industry. The GDP of India is turning at changeless gait, it was about 9 % in July,2008. Better growing of GDP has helped to pull more and more tourer. The touristry will besides assist to raise the GDP of India as if more and more tourist arrive they will pass more money which inturn raise the GDP of state. RISE IN NATIONAL INCOME: The Indian touristry is one of the major subscribers in increasing national income and bettering the economic conditions of India. US $ 4810 were generated in twelvemonth 2004 alone from touristry industry and it has increased upto 36 % from old twelvemonth 2003. BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: If we talk about the Indian touristry industry, the rise in the end product is non merely because if the foreign tourers but the domestic touristry has besides been distributing its wings and adding much more to tourism industry. As the economic condiions has been acquiring better from last decennary and so people are now passing much on Tourss and going. SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Social factor are those factors that affect the touristry industry because of the society. Social factors have more or less a important impact on Indian touristry industry. Some of the societal factors that I have analysed, that consequence touristry industry of India are: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: Demographic tendencies describe the alterations in demographics in a population over clip. In India bulk of the population is of the immature people, who are willing to pass and to see different parts of the state, therefore one of this societal factor has helped in development of touristry industry bulk of population i.e, 50 % is under the age of 23 old ages. Huge CULTURE: As we all know that the India is state of assorted faith and has oldest civilization. India is frequently called subcontinent. The Indian civilization drives more and more aliens to see the state. The is so much enormousness in Indian civilization and demographics that the tourers find it better to see state like India as compared to any other state as they find assorted and huge civilizations in India. HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE: India provides tendencies to the healthier life style, one of the biggest illustration is of YOGA. most of the foreign tourer besides visit India because of this intent as they find new and better ways that could maintain them healthy in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours sy life style. Language: The Indian population is besides good at talking English linguistic communication, so this factor plays an indirect portion in the upliftment of the touristry industry. The aliens do non happen it much hard to convey themselves to the people. Technological Analysis: Technology ever plays an critical function in any sector, so it has besides played its portion in touristry industry. Some of the major technological factors that affect the industry if touristry are as under: Medical Tourism: Medical touristry has emerged in India from 1995, the medical industry is driving more and more aliens to come to India for their intervention. India is inexpensive at medical processs and technologically advanced than the other states. Around 1.5 lacs of tourer visited India merely for medical intents, which generated $ 300 million entirely.Thus this one technological factor is pulling more and more crowd to India. IT SECTOR: IT sector is one of the sector in which India is acquiring advanced twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. It is driving more and more foreign subjects and tourer to our state as its supplying some occupation oppoturnity to them, which inturn makes rise in growing of the touristry sector. There are many IT parks in India and many IT hubs which techno understanding people from abroad visit to larn new things. Ecological Analysis: Environment is the chief portion of our lives that affect us straight. Environment analysis is necessary for touristry industry as its dependant on environment. Environment factor that has impact on touristry industry of India are: GO GREEN IDEOLOGY: Go green political orientation is one of the major stairss taken by our authorities for the saving of environment. This political orientation states that more and more trees should be planted and less ingestion of fuel should be done. This affects touristry industry straight as better environment will drive more crowd to the state. Global Heating: Global heating is one of the issues of concern of the whole universe. Global heating is set uping the touristry of India as glaciers of Himalaya and the assorted hill Stationss in the Jammu and Kashmir and in Himachal Pradesh are confronting problem because of planetary heating as the temperature and conditions conditions are altering at that place dramatically. SAVE TIGERS INITIATIVE: Tiger salvaging enterprises are besides taking a gait, because royal Bengal tiger is universe celebrated. Peoples come from different states to see the national Parkss like KAZIRANGA etc, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams are the chief attractive force to the tourers, so authorities is taking inaugural to salvage Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Legal Analysis: Legal factors of any state have an impact on its touristry. Assorted Torahs and Acts of the Apostless have direct relationship with the rise and autumn in the rate of touristry. Some of the legal factors that have impact on our touristry industry are given as under: TAX Exemption: The strategy and Torahs like revenue enhancement freedom aid to develop the touristry industry. The revenue enhancement freedom Torahs like, 50 % of net income derived by travel agents and Tours operators will merely be taxed. Such legal strategies are assisting a batch in improvement of touristry. INCREDIBLE INDIA: One of the aggressive advertizement run by touristry section is the INCREDIBLE INDIA, it is a advertisement strategy for which the authorities pays the money. Many streamers and advertisment on assorted channels are shown, by this the ministry of touristry attempts to demo assorted great topographic points which can be visited in India. Low Spenders: Apart from the above stated schemes one of the legal drawbacks is that Indian authorities does non pass much on the development and upliftment of touristry because of which touristry industry is non acquiring the uttermost best channel for executing the best. Menus: Government besides provides the installations of the partially low menu to the aliens in the railroads every bit good as in other services to demo the sort intervention and cordial reception to the aliens, this will bring forth the word of mouth promotion of the touristry industry which inturn is the positive mark of legal factors. Observation: Cheap air carnival is controling the domestic touristry, as people are preferring to travel to different topographic points with easiness and in short clip Aggressive touristry scheme adopted by states like states like SINGAPORE and INDIA is still dawdling to implement such schemes. High operation costs. Medical touristry is emerging in India which is assisting to bring forth better economic system from it. $ 300 million generated in 2004. Economic development has developed the gait of domestic touristry. Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. Royal trains and castles attract the tourer who love the royal ways of life. FUTURE OF THE TOPIC: Inspite of overall recession and war of terrorist act, the hereafter looks bright: Common wealth games 2010, is one of the immense chance by which the touristry industry could anticipate to bring forth high grosss. Increased hotel installations, the adjustment will be easier for the tourers. Development of the substructure has already begun and this will assist in hiking the touristry. Assorted GO GREEN A ; SAVE TIGER enterprises are adding to a better India. Fight war of terrorist act to prolong.

Drivers essays

Drivers essays On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and approved the document that set us as Americans free, thus changing the world forever. Purpose The Declaration of Independence was a political instrument designed to achieve some very distinct purposes. One was to sever the relationship between the colonies and England. To show that the time for reconciliation has ended and there is a time when it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another...(Roark A-1) Another, factor hastening official independence was the prospect of an alliance with France, Britains archrival. France was willing to provide military supplies as well as naval power, but not without firm assurance the Americans would separate from England.(Roark 189) Thirdly, the declaration was used as a form of propaganda to unite the colonies as one, to rally the people for their independence. One sees this by looking at what happened the following weeks after the declaration was finished. Americans gathered, read aloud, and celebrated the great piece to writing. Jefferson and the rest of the delegates put the blame precisely on the king. As said in the video, The Declaration portrayed the king as a merciless tyrant(Declaring Independence). It does just that because at the time, Americans thought that the kings evil ministers had been giving the king bad advice (Declaring Independence). The Declaration accused the king of more then thirty different injustices done to the American people; this made them see who the enemy was and why they needed to become free. The charges to the king are very accurate. They edited out the issues, for example, blaming King George III for slavery. The charges against the king do justify the revolution. When looking at all the charges in history against Eng ...

Celebrate Holidays and Special Days in February

Celebrate Holidays and Special Days in February Calendars: January | February | March | April | May | June |July | August | September | October | November | December Celebrate a holiday or special day every day in February. Learn about holidays you never heard of. Be sure to check back every day for recipes, crafts, games and lots more fun things to do. Enjoy! February Icons - These icons match the events on the February Fundays Calendar. They are designed to be used as each event is learned about. The icons can be glued onto the February Coloring Calendar. February Seasonal Specials: Black History Month - Famous Firsts PrintablesDental Health Month PrintablesWinter Fun; Winter PrintablesGroundhog Day Printables Valentines Day Fun: Valentines Day PrintablesValentines Day CardsPrintable Valentines Day Coupon Book for KidsValentines Day PoemsValentines Day TeaValentines Day Fun February 1 - Robinson Crusoe, Space Shuttle Disaster and Baked Alaska Robinson Crusoe DaySpace Shuttle Columbia DisasterNational Baked Alaska Day February 2 - Groundhogs, Zeppelins and Treaties Groundhog DayZeppelin Crashes into North SeaTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signed February 3 - Voting, Income Tax and Carrot Cake 15th Amendment RatifiedIncome Tax BirthdayNational Carrot Cake DayElmos Birthday February 4 - Lindbergh, Washington and Galoshes National Stuffed Mushroom DayCharles Lindberghs BirthdayFirst US Presidential ElectionSnickers Candy Bar 1st For Sale February 5 - Weather, Mexico and Family Leave National Weatherpersons Day; Weather PrintablesMexico: Constitution DayFamily and Medical Leave ActHank Aarons Birthday February 6 - Reagan, Massachusetts and Babe Ruth Ronald Reagans BirthdayBabe Ruths BirthdayMassachusetts DayNational Frozen Yogurt Day February 7 - The Beatles, John Deere and Spacewalk The Beatles Tour AmericaJohn Deeres BirthdayFirst Untethered SpacewalkCharles Dickens BirthdayNational Fettuccine Alfredo DayJohn Deeres Birthday February 8 - Boy Scouts, Radios and Kites Radio Installed in White HouseKite Flying DayBoy Scouts Day February 9 - Harrison, Hershey and Toothaches William Harrisons BirthdayHersheys Chocolate Founded; Chocolate PrintablesToothache DayThe Beatles make first live TV AppearanceNational Bagels and Lox Day February 10 - Umbrellas, Fire Extinguishers and Swimming Umbrella DayFire Extinguisher PatentMark Spitz BirthdaySchool Day February 11 - Edison, Inventors and Japan Thomas Edisons BirthdayNational Inventors DayJapan: Foundation DayDont Cry Over Spilled Milk Day February 12 - Abraham Lincoln, First Ladies and Savannah Abraham Lincolns BirthdayLouisa Adams BirthdaySavannah Founded February 13 - First Ladies, Magazines and Germany Bess Trumans BirthdayFirst Magazine PublishedGerman ReunificationPenicillin 1st Used On Humans February 14 - Valentines Day, States and Ferris Wheels Valentines Day Activities - Printable Valentines Day Cards and ActivitiesArizona Admission DayOregon Admission DayFirst Presidential PhotographFerris Wheel DayRead to Your Child Day February 15 - Susan B. Anthony, Galileo, Sutter and Gumdrops Susan B. Anthonys BirthdayGalileo Galileis BirthdayJohn Sutters BirthdayNational Gumdrop Day February 16 - Studebakers, Helicopters and King Tut Studebaker Company FoundedFirst 911 CallKing Tuts Burial Chamber Unsealed1st Commercial Helicopter FlewNational Almond Day February 17 - Kindness, Sardines and Crabs Random Acts of Kindness Day/WeekFirst Canned Sardines PackagedChampionship Crab Races DayMichael Jordans Birthday February 18 - Pluto, Statue of Liberty and Vacuums Presidents Day:George WashingtonAbraham LincolnPluto DiscoveredStatue of Liberty Design PatentVacuum Cleaner PatentedNational Crab Stuffed Flounder Day February 19 - Lincoln Boyhood, Phonograph and Internment Lincoln Boyhood National Park EstablishedEdisons Phonograph PatentedJapanese American Internment February 20 - Post Office, Figure Skating and Cherry Pie U.S. Post Office Department CreatedYoungest Figure Skating Gold MedalistNational Cherry Pie DayJohn Glenn Orbited the EarthToothpick Patented February 21 - Presidents, Monuments and Telephone Books President Nixon Visits ChinaMardi Gras DayWashington Monument DedicatedFirst Telephone DirectoryNational Sticky Bun Day1st US Brain Operation February 22 - George Washington, Popcorn and Boy Scouts George Washingtons BirthdayPopcorn Introduced to ColonistsFirst Presidential Radio BroadcastRobert Baden-Powells Birthday February 23 - Gutenberg Bible, Iwo Jima and Tennis Gutenberg Bible Mass-producedIwo Jima DayTennis DayNational Banana Bread DayNational Dog Biscuit Day February 24 - Fairy Tales, Mexico and Steam Shovels Wilhelm Carl Grimms BirthdayMexico: Flag DaySteam Shovel PatentNational Tortilla Chip Day1st Multi-Stage Rocket February 25-Revolvers, Greenbacks and Clam Chowder Six-Shooter Revolver PatentedLegal Tender Act PassedNational Clam Chowder DayHen Laid the Largest Egg February 26 - National Parks, Levis and Fairy Tales Grand Canyon National Park EstablishedGrand Teton National Park EstablishedLevi Strauss BirthdayTell a Fairy Tale Day February 27 - Polar Bears, Leaning Towers and Strawberries Tower of Pisa 1st LeanedInternational Polar Bear DayNational Strawberry Day February 28 - Republicans, Railroads and Territories Republican Party FoundedBaltimore and Ohio Railroad IncorporatedTerritory of Colorado Organized February 29 (Next Leap Year - 2012) Leap Year DayHank Aaron Signs Record-breaking DealEisenhower Seeks a 2nd Term

Examining a domain of experience, relationship, and application of the Essay

Examining a domain of experience, relationship, and application of the themes in the course in relation to human development and identity - Essay Example This essay will analyze identity formation, ego identity, in relation to Frozen film. Ego identity and identity formation is evident in the Frozen film by Disney. As the norm is, lots of women in the Disney movies have been indicated to rely on a male figure to emancipate them from societal and cultural issues, such as Cinderella and Snow White amongst others. However, the case of Disney’s Frozen film is different. In the film, it is evident that the women have opted to outdo the heterosexual dominance that overpowers them. The film focuses on two sisters, Anna and Elsa that have been confronted with life issues but opt not to use a male hero to fulfil their desires (Buck & Lee, 2013). From this perspective, one would argue that the two sisters developed a feminine identity in the course of her growth that motivated them her to work towards fighting with the constraints that prevent women from succeeding in a man’s world. Even with the societal conceptualizations of female identity, the Frozen sisters had already identified their ego identity and worked towards fulfilling their wishes despite the challenges in question. However, as the story begins, the two sisters lacked differentiation while living in the royal court. Elsa had the ability and powers to control ice and snow. Psychological distinction separates the two sisters when Elsa injures Anna by mistake (Buck & Lee, 2013). Their parents then force Elsa to suppress her powers to command ice and snow, and ensure that Anna does not know of the powers at all costs (Buck & Lee, 2013). This separated the sisters more, with Anna growing in solitude, and Elsa representing her superego. Elsa constantly covers her hands with gloves to conceal her powers. After the death of their parents, Elsa is to rise to the throne. On the other hand, the identity of Anna’s identity is being shaped and she represents id that seeks to fulfil one’s needs and desires (Kroger 206-209). Anna

Pacific war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Pacific war - Essay Example However control of the sea was practicable only after island territories had been secured as bases for air and logistics sustenance. This dictated equity in employment of land and air forces in conjunction with combat ships. This created intense service rivalries primarily between the land and sea force commanders. At the tactical level allotment of forces for operations was on a task force basis and overcame the service biases to an extent. The key personalities involved were of great significance. On one hand we have Douglas MacArthur, who has been referred to as the American Caesar an Army general with impeccable professional reputation. Decorated in the First World War, he had the distinction of being recalled on active service on the outbreak of the Second World War and then placed in command of American forces in the Philippines.2 Overwhelmed by the Japanese in the Philippines, MacArthur was determined to return, an obsession to some extent which dictated some of his strategic proclivities in the years ahead. His reputation as a military commander survived his failure in the Philippines. ... He was considered the fore most authority on submarines in the US Navy. He is credited to have successfully halted the Japanese advance after the initial disaster of the Pearl Harbor and led the counter offensive in the Pacific overcoming the deficiencies in supplies and ships by successive victories in the Battles of the Coral Sea, Midway and the Campaign in the Solomon Islands.3 The US Navy considered Nimitz as their mascot in the Pacific and despite the seniority differential felt that he was the most suited for a joint command with quantitative superiority with the Navy. Victory as is commonly said has many fathers. The controversy of ascribing success of Allied victory in the Pacific to Nimitz or MacArthur is contained in a number of factors as inter service rivalry, lack of unity of command, the concomitant success of the forces under each commander, strategic outlook and the personalities themselves. While each of these issues is important, the strategy ascribed to Nimitz and MacArthur would be a prime consideration which is being discussed along with other factors herein. The Strategic Backdrop With the tide of success having turned in favor of the Allies, at the Quadrant Conference at Quebec in August 1943, it was decided that two lines of approach for subjugation of the Japanese be undertaken. In South West Pacific, General MacArthur was placed in command of the forces to undertake an offensive in Eastern New Guinea to include Wewak, the Admirality Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago, neutralize Rabaul and advance along the New Guinea coast to the Vogelkop peninsula. The second approach was to be through the Central

Water and Fat Soluble Vitamins Essay Example for Free

Water and Fat Soluble Vitamins Essay Water Soluble Vitamins and Fat The human body requires a large number of vitamins for a number of functions to keep the body alive and running properly. Vitamin D helps balancing hormones and Vitamin C helps with chemical reactions in the human body. Fat-soluble Vitamins and High Nutrient Sources The fat-soluble vitamins consist of A, D, E, and K; they are found in a variety of foods. Vitamin A| Celery, basil, chili pepper, mixed vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, beef liver, watermelon, and spinach| Vitamin D| Cod liver oil, salmon, tuna fish, sardines, whole egg, butter, milk, nonfat, decrease fat, and total vitamin D fortified, and butter| Vitamin E| Sunflower seeds, almonds, broccoli, cayenne pepper, asparagus, bell peppers, soy milk| Vitamin K| Turnips greens, spinach, asparagus, blueberries, green beans, broccoli, cucumbers, cauliflower, tomatoes| (Crandell, n. d) Functions, Benefits, Risks, and Toxicity of Fat-soluble Vitamins Vitamins| Functions| Benefits| Insufficiency Risk| Toxicity Risks| Vitamin A| * It helps in Common Visualization and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function.| * It assists the Immunity and healthy eyes. * It regulates and keeps healthy bones and teeth. * It aids skin and is well-known as necessary for the reproductive process for both males and females.| Blindness at Night, xerophthalmia, poor growth, dry skin, shrink immune system functioning| Nausea and vomiting, headaches, bone pain and fractures, hair loss, liver damage, interference with vitamin K absorption. | Vitamin D| * It absorbs calcium and phosphorus. * It maintains normal blood calcium. * It is also known for the calcification of bone * It also maintains the immune system. | Cancer prevention, skin protection, metabolism booster, anti-inflammatory, and aids lower the risk  of Alzheimer’s disease. | Rickets in Children, osteomalacia in adults: soft bones, depressed growth, and reduced immune system| Poor growth, calcium deposits in soft tissue| Vitamin E| Antioxidant| *It Supports with blood clotting.* It guarantees healthy bones, essential for the synthesis of the sphingo lipids.* It prevents calcium from forming in tissue.| Loss of muscular coordination, hemolysis of red blood cells resulting in anemia| Excessive bleeding as a result of interfering with vitamin K metabolism | Vitamin K| Production of active blood-clotting factors| | Excessive bleeding | Unknown | (Crandell, n.d) High Nutrient Sources of Water-soluble Vitamins Vitamins considered water-soluble include; Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin C. As the name suggests, water-soluble vitamins get dissolved within water and blood inside the human body. Thiamin| Pork, wheat germ, enriched breads and cereal, brewer’s yeast| Riboflavin| Milk, yogurt, and other dairy products. Mushrooms, broccoli, asparagus, and spinach and other green leafy vegetables| Niacin| Chicken, tuna, peanuts, turkey roast, white rice, whole grain total cereal, raisin bran cereal| Vitamin B-6| All bran cereal, tuna, beef liver, potato, chicken, beef, pork, salmon, banana, pinto beans, sweet potato| Vitamin C| Peppers, citrus fruit, papaya, broccoli, cabbage, and berries| (Anderson Young, 2008) Roles, Benefits, Risks, Toxicity of Water-soluble Vitamins Vitamins| Role| Benefits| Insufficiency Risks| Toxicity Risks| Thiamin(B-1)| * It assists to produce neurotransmitters. * It is division of coenzyme which is required for carbohydrate metabolism and the metabolism of certain amino acids.| * It maintains appetite, * It helps normal muscle function as well as the heart muscle.| Beriberi and Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome. Weakness, abnormal nervous system.| None| Riboflavin| * It is a part of coenzyme which is required for carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid, and lipid metabolism.| * It  supports healthy hair, skin, eyes, and liver. * It also assists to burn carbohydrates in order to produce glucose to fuel the body.| Inflammation of the mouth and tongue, eye disorder.| None| Niacin| * It is a part of coenzyme which is required for energy metabolism.| * It reduces cholesterol. * It aids and protects atherosclerosis and diabetes. * It also treats for osteoarthritis.| Diarrhea, dermatitis, dermentia, death.| Flushing of facial skin, itchy skin, nausea and vomiting, liver damage.| Vitamin B-6| * It is required for amino acid metabolism. * It is also concerned with neurotransmitter and hemoglobin.| * It supports cell formation, carbohydrates, immunity, nerve system, health blood, and sulfur and methyl metabolism. * It also benefits from having anti-inflammatory.| Dermatitis, anemia, diarrhea, neural tube defects in embryos.| Nerve destruction.| Vitamin C| * Connective tissue synthesis and maintenance. * Antioxidant, synthesis or neurotransmitters and certain hormones. * Immune system. | * It supports with common colds, immunity, hypertension, antioxidants, blood vessels, and cataracts.| Poor wound healing, pinpoint hemorrhages, bleeding gums, bruises, depression.| Diarrhea and GI tract discomfort.| (Anderson Young, 2008) It has been proven that a diet rich with fruits, vegetables, and legumes may help reduce the potential risk of cancer, CVD, and many other serious chronic diseases. References Anderson, J. Young, L. (2008) Water-Soluble Vitamins Retrieved from http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09312.html Crandell, Kathleen. (N.D) Fat Soluble Vitamins Retrieved from http://www.ker.com/library/advances/125.pdf

John Steinbecks View of the World Essay -- Biography Biographies Essa

Steinbeck's View of the World John Steinbeck's novels expressed an ecological world view that has only recently begun to accumulate proponents. This holistic view grew during an era when such thinking was unpopular, and one must wonder how this growth could have occurred in a climate which was hostile for it. Some investigation shows that the seeds for this view already existed in his childhood and were nurtured through his exposure to ideas in marine biology. While growing up in Salinas, Steinbeck had the opportunity to spend a lot of time outdoors. His uncle used to take him on fishing trips, and combined with the times he visited his maternal grand-fathers' farm near King City, it undoubtedly gave him an appreciation for nature. Later in his life, he became a caretaker on a "large estate at Lake Tahoe," and he continued to spend time in nature throughout his life and often took his sons to go fishing or camping when they visited him during the summers (Steinbeck, E. & Wallsten, P.., 1975). In addition to the time he spent outdoors, he was exposed to the farming community in the Salinas Valley. Even though his grandfather's farm could not sustain crops (Steinbeck, T., 1992), the whole community was dependent on the inter-connection of living creatures within the valley. The lives of these farmers and their future production always depended on the current production of the land. When the crops were plentiful, the harvest would bring money and food and supplies for the next year's crop. Rain had an enormous impact on the farmers. Too much or too little could be devastating to their crops or the food supply of farm animals, and they affected the farmers who were dependent them.... ...nt. Steinbeck's view of the world, expressed through his novels, was set within an ecological framework. His childhood environments played a role in the creation of this view, and his subsequent exposure to marine biology contributed to and elaborated upon it. This led to his ability to view organisms in an environment as symbiotic relationships within a whole-a superorganism. Bibliography 1. Steinbeck, E., and Wallsten, R. (Ed.). (1975). Steinbeck A Life in Letters. New York: The Viking Press. 2. Steinbeck, J. (1992). East of Eden. New York: Penguin Books. 3. Steinbeck, J. (1995). The Long Valley. New York. Penguin Books. 4. Steinbeck, J. (1992). The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books. 5. Hand-out from class: The Teachers. 6. Allee,W.C.(1932). Animal Life and Social Growth. Baltimore, MD):The Williams and Wilkins Co.

Osmosis Case Study Essay

These two Case Studies come from a National Center on Case Studies. I think that a case study approach is very useful in applying knowledge and this is what makes you learn it better. They may be a little daunting when you read them but I will help you go through them. Please ask for help so this topic becomes more enjoyable for you. Part I—Too Much of a Good Thing Times were difficult in Habersham County. The skyrocketing prices of fuel and food were threatening to bankrupt the Johnson family’s small farm, which was no match for the multi-million-dollar mega-farms that had been popping up all over the southeast. Joseph, the family patriarch, was especially troubled by the farm’s financial circumstances. He knew that this year’s corn crop was his best chance to save the farm, and his distress was evident to his family as they sat around the dinner table. â€Å"Michael, I’m going to need your help tomorrow,† Joseph said to his eldest son. â€Å"I have to go into town to pick up a part for the combine so I can fix it before it’s time to harvest in a few months. I need you to spread the potash and phosphate on the corn because we’re expecting some rain by the end of the week. † Michael, his mouth full of fried chicken, nodded in agreement. He wasn’t all that interested in farming, which over the years had been a point of contention between him and his father. At the moment Michael was thinking more about the time he’d be missing with his friends, but he also realized how vital this chore was to his father and the farm. â€Å"I’ll do it right after school, Dad,† he replied. The following afternoon, Michael was loading heavy bags of fertilizer into the drop spreader on the farm tractor. His father’s cheerless demeanor the previous evening weighed heavily on him. Michael knew that 25 bags of the potassium and phosphorous-based fertilizer was the normal load to cover the 40 acres of corn the family had planted that spring. But as he was emptying the 25th bag into the spreader, an idea flashed through his mind: â€Å"If we need a good corn crop to make it, maybe I should add a little extra fertilizer. † Michael decided that some extra fertilizer couldn’t hurt, so he quickly loaded 15 extra bags. He was certain that adding the extra fertilizer would produce a massive crop when it came time to harvest in a few months. Michael hadn’t told his father about the extra fertilizer he’d added to the corn, wanting to see his father’s surprise over the size of the harvest in a few months. As expected, the rain started Friday afternoon; Michael was certain it would start an incredible growth spurt in the newly fertilized, young corn plants and that his family would hit pay dirt in a few months. He was out of bed early on Saturday morning, taking his four-wheeler down to the cornfields. He expected to see a vibrant green sea of young corn, extra healthy due to the fertilizer â€Å"boost† he had given them. His stomach dropped a bit as he stared out at a field of sickly looking corn plants, their leaves pale green and slightly wilting. â€Å"Maybe it rained too hard and that beat the plants up a little,† thought Michael, trying to be optimistic. â€Å"I’ll check on them again in a few days. I’m sure they’ll have perked up by then! † The next few days didn’t bring the results Michael was hoping for. The corn plants looked even worse! The leaves were beginning to yellow significantly and were continuing to wilt. Having watched his father grow corn for most of his 14 years, Michael knew this crop wasn’t going to make it. A lump was forming in his throat as he made his way back to the house, not sure how to tell his father about the corn. Questions 1. What sort of environment (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) did the extra fertilizer create around the roots of the corn? 2. Keeping in mind your answer to the previous question, what do you believe caused the corn plants to wilt and eventually die? 3. If Michael’s mistake had been caught earlier, is there anything that could have been done to prevent the corn from dying? 4. Generally, people water their plants with 100% H2O—no solutes added. What sort of environment does this create around the roots of the plant? Part II—Too Little, Too Late Meanwhile, elsewhere in Habersham County, Tom was feeling slightly nervous as he exited the staff lounge and entered the hustle and bustle of County Hospital’s ER to begin his first shift as an RN. The first few hours of his shift passed slowly as Tom mostly checked vital signs and listened to patients complain about various aches, pains, coughs, and sniffles. He realized that the attending physician, Dr. Greene, who was rather â€Å"old  school† in general about how he interacted with nursing staff, wanted to start him out slowly. Tom knew, though, that the paramedics could bring in a trauma patient at any time. After his lunch break, Tom didn’t have long to wait before the paramedics burst in through the swinging double-doors of the ambulance bay wheeling in a young man on a gurney. Edward, a veteran EMT, recited the vital signs to Tom and Dr. Greene as they helped push the gurney into the trauma room, â€Å"18-year-old male, GSW to the right abdomen, heart rate 92, respiratory rate 22, blood pressure 95/65, no loss of consciousness. † A gunshot wound! Tom knew that gunshot wounds were sometimes the most difficult traumas to handle. Once inside the trauma room, Dr. Greene began his initial assessment of the patient while Tom got busy organizing the things he knew would be needed. He attached a pulse-ox monitor to the patient’s index finger so Dr. Greene could keep an eye on the O2 levels in the patient’s blood and he inserted a Foley catheter so the patient’s urine output could be monitored. After finishing his initial duties, Tom heard Dr. Greene saying, â€Å"It looks like the bullet missed the liver and kidney, but it may have severed an artery. That’s probably why his BP is a bit low. Tom, grab a liter of saline and start a fast IV drip †¦ we need to increase his blood volume. † Tom grabbed one of the fluid-filled bags from the nearby shelf, attached a 12-gauge IV needle to the plastic tubing, and gently slipped the needle into the patient’s antecubital vein. He then hung the plastic bag on the IV stand and let the fluid quickly start to flow down the tubing and into the patient’s vein. The reaction was quick and violent. The patient’s heart rate began to skyrocket and Tom heard Dr. Greene shouting, â€Å"His O2 saturation is falling! Pulse is quickening! What is going on with this guy?! † Tom stood frozen in place by the fear. He heard Dr. Greene continuing, â€Å"Flatline! We’ve lost a pulse †¦ Tom, get the crash cart, we need to shock this guy to get his heart going again! † Tom broke free from his initial shock and did as Dr. Greene had ordered. He then started CPR as Dr. Greene readied the cardiac defibrillator to shock the patient. They continued to alternate between CPR and defibrillation for almost an hour, but to no avail. As Dr. Greene announced the time of death, Tom felt a sickening feeling in the pit of his stomach. He couldn’t believe that he had lost his first trauma patient! Then Tom noticed that the fluid in the Foley catheter bag was bright red. â€Å"Dr. Greene, there’s hemoglobin in the Foley bag,† he said. â€Å"How could that be? † responded Dr. Greene. Tom began to trace back over his steps in the trauma, trying to think of anything that could have caused the hemoglobinuria. His mounting fear turned to outright terror as he looked at the now empty bag on the IV stand. Its label didn’t read â€Å"Saline,† but rather â€Å"Distilled Water. † He looked at Dr. Greene, his heart quickly sinking, and said, â€Å"I think I may have killed the patient. † Questions 1. What problem did the distilled water in the patient’s bloodstream create? 2. What happed to the patient’s blood cells as a result? 3. Considering the function of red blood cells, why did the patient’s oxygen levels fall? 4. After Tom made his error, is there anything that could have been done to save the patient’s life?